LESSON NOTE 1: MATHEMATICS (WEEK 2)

Subject: Mathematics

Class: Primary Four

Week: 2

Topic: Addition and Subtraction of Whole Numbers

Reference material: 

• New General Mathematics for Primary Schools — Book 4 (suitable edition for Nigerian primary schools) — publisher varies (check your school's preferred edition).

•  Primary Mathematics for Nigeria — Book 4 (if available at your school) — for additional exercises and practical activities.

• UBE/FGN Primary Mathematics Scheme of Work — use the official UBEC/Ministry of Education scheme to align learning outcomes.

Duration: 40 minutes

Age: 8–9 years

Term: First Term

Lesson Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define addition and subtraction of whole numbers.

2. Add and subtract whole numbers correctly.

3. Solve simple word problems involving addition and subtraction.

4. Apply these operations to everyday activities.

Instructional Materials:

• Counters (sticks, bottle tops, or beans)

• Flashcards

• Number chart

• Whiteboard and marker

Key Vocabulary words: Addition, Subtraction, digits, numbers and sum.

Prior Knowledge: Pupils are familiar with adding up one digits numbers 

Lesson Content:

                             Introduction 

Mathematics is the silent language of life. Every breath we take, every step we walk, and every heartbeat we count — all obey the laws of numbers. Addition and subtraction are like the rhythm of life — we gain, we lose, and we balance again. To understand these two operations is to understand the pattern of living itself.

                          Meaning of Addition

Addition means putting numbers or objects together to find the total.

Examples:

1 + 2 = 3

5 + 4 = 9

                     Meaning of Subtraction

Subtraction means taking away or finding the difference between two numbers.

Examples:

5 – 2 = 3

10 – 4 = 6

                        Steps in Addition

1. Arrange the numbers in columns (ones, tens, hundreds).

2. Start adding from the right (ones).

3. Regroup (carry over) if necessary.

Example:

H T O

2 4  5+

3 7 2

= 617

                    Steps in Subtraction

1. Arrange numbers in columns.

2. Start subtracting from the right (ones).

3. Borrow if necessary.

Example:

520

– 279

= 241

                           Word Problems

1. Musa bought 125 mangoes and later bought 75 more. How many mangoes did he have altogether?

2. A shopkeeper had 600 bags of rice. He sold 250. How many are left?

Lesson Sequence:

Step 1  (Introduction): Review counting and addition of smaller numbers.

Step 2 (Presentation): Demonstrate addition and subtraction with real objects.

Step 3 (Class Activity): Pupils use counters to practice.

Step 4 (Evaluation): Pupils solve board exercises.

 Evaluation Questions

1. Define addition.

2. Define subtraction.

3. Add: 246 + 359 = ?

4. Subtract: 500 – 287 = ?

5. Solve: If you had ₦120 and spent ₦45, how much is left?

Conclusion: She marks and makes necessary corrections 

Assignment:

1. Add: 327 + 159

2. Subtract: 600 – 275

3. Write two examples of addition in your 

daily life.

               Moral and Islam connection 

Addition teaches gratitude and growth, while subtraction teaches patience and giving.

Allah reminds us that giving in charity doesn’t reduce wealth but increases it in blessings.

“Charity does not decrease wealth.” — Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), Sahih Muslim

            Reflection (Smart Deen Thought)

Mathematics is life’s reminder that what you lose or gain isn’t as important as how you balance your actions.

 “Count your blessings, not your problems.” — Smart Deen Academy